Last modified: 2025-04-12 by bruce berry
Keywords: sudan | sudan liberation movement/army |
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Image by Olivier Touzeau, 2 May 2024
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The Sudan Liberation Movement/Army (abbreviated SLM, SLA, or SLM/A) is a
Sudanese rebel group active in Darfur, Sudan. It was founded as the Darfur
Liberation Front by members of three indigenous ethnic groups in Darfur: the
Fur, the Zaghawa, and the Masalit, among whom were the leaders Abdul Wahid
al-Nur of the Fur and Minni Minnawi of the Zaghawa.
The SLM (Minnawi) led
by Minni Minnawi signed the 2006 (Abuja) Darfur Peace Agreement in May 2006.
Minnawi served as the Chairperson of the Transitional Darfur Regional Authority
from its formation in 2007 to his dismissal in December 2010. The SLM-Minnawi
faction formally withdrew from the peace agreement in February 2011. Unlike most
other SPLM/A factions, the SLA-MM was active not just in Darfur, but also took
part in the Sudanese conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile. The group has
also taken part in the South Sudanese Civil War, fighting for the South Sudanese
government against various rebel factions.The SLM-Minnawi was a participant in
the 2019 Sudanese peace process as of September 2019.
The SLM (al-Nur)
was formed in 2006 and is led by Abdul Wahid al Nur. It rejected the 2006
(Abuja) Darfur Peace Agreement.The SLM/A (al-Nur) does not officially insist on
independence. The group includes both male as well as female fighters. The group
has also taken part in the South Sudanese Civil War, fighting for the South
Sudanese government against various rebel factions. The SLM/A (al-Nur) maintains
its stronghold in the Marrah Mountains as of 2021, holds a territory inhabited
by about 300,000 people. The area is factually self-sufficient and mostly
isolated from the rest of the Sudan. It runs a factual government there,
training new troops, and has also built several schools, where hundreds of
children receive daily education. The SLM/A (al-Nur) rejected the 2019 Sudanese
peace process, arguing that Arab militias continued their attacks in Darfur and
that the new Sovereignty Council of Sudan included many former commanders from
the Bashir Era. However, the group was suffering from internal tensions at this
point, as some of its factions were clashing with each other. One splinter group
led by Zanoun Abdulshafi had begun to fight alongside the Arab militias.
Fighting between the SLM/A (al-Nur) and pro-government forces continues as of
2021.
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudan_Liberation_Movement
The SLM
(al-Nur) is also designated as the SLA-AW:
Based in a mountainous region of
Central Darfur known as Jebel Marra, the SLA-AW (led by Abdul Wahid al Nur)
refused to sign the Juba Peace Agreement of 2020. They control few population
centers in Darfur and have not been politically significant in national
politics. But SLA-AW is one of the oldest and best known Darfur rebel groups.
They adamantly opposed the 2020 Juba Agreement with the Sudanese government,
unlike the SLM-Minawi and JEM, which signed the Juba agreement and thereby won
appointments to government positions.
Source:
https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/whos-who-in-sudans-new-civil-war
Images of the flag in use:
https://sudantribune.com/article262392/
https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/whos-who-in-sudans-new-civil-war
https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2023/05/no-winner-sudan-war-exiled-darfur-rebel-leader
Image by Olivier Touzeau, 2 May 2024
Variant flag with the star in the upper part of the flag:
https://www.arte.tv/en/videos/103194-000-A/arte-reportage
Olivier Touzeau, 2 May 2024